Rusalov developed the Short version of the STQ, and Trofimova developed the Compact version of the STQ (STQ-77). The items with the highest item-total correlations were selected for these versions. Īdministration of the Extended STQ in practice was rather time-consuming, so Rusalov and Trofimova agreed to develop shorter, more compact versions of the STQ, which would be more suitable for screening purposes in clinical, organizational, vocational and educational settings. The factor analysis of the data received on Russian, Australian, American, Canadian, Urdu-Canadian, Polish-Canadian and Chinese samples confirmed a separation between the factors related to these three aspects of behavior. This model was incorporated in the extended Structure of Temperament Questionnaire. Rusalov's version of the STQ measures 12 traits related to 4 aspects of behaviour (ergonicity ( endurance), plasticity, tempo and emotionality), which are grouped by three aspects of behavior: motor-physical, social-verbal and intellectual. Rusalov upgraded his model to 12 (4 x 3) components implemented in his Extended STQ in the mid-1990s. There was also an initial version of Rusalov's model, STQ-105, which used the same items and scales as the 8 scales of the STQ-150 (Extended) version, with the exception of the three scales related to intellectual aspects of activities (Intellectual Ergonicity, Intellectual Plasticity, Intellectual Tempo, Intellectual Emotionality). Testing with the STQ-150 takes 30 minutes. The value on this scale varies from 6 and 24, and protocols having a score higher than 17 on this scale are considered to be invalid. The validity scale is designed to measure a social desirability tendency. The values on each of temperament scales vary between 12 and 48. The Extended STQ is a 150-item self-report measure with 144 items assigned to 12 temperament scales (12 items each), 1 validity scale (6 items), and 6 indexes, which combine these scales. There are two versions of the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire based on Rusalov's model: an Extended STQ (STQ-150) and a Short STQ (STQ-26) īoth versions use 12 scales, which are grouped by 3 types of activities and 4 formal-dynamical aspects of activities, and a validity scale: All models and all modern versions of the STQ have 12 temperament scales. This approach differentiates between the traits related to 3 aspects of behaviour: social-verbal, physical and mental. All versions of the STQ are based on the Activity-specific approach in temperament research. The STQ has several versions, which are based on two models of the structure of temperament: Rusalov's model and Trofimova's model.
It then was continued within the Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology and Differential Psychology (Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences), supervised by Boris Teplov (1963), then Vladimir Nebylitsyn (1972), and then Vladimir Rusalov. It started from extensive experiments on several species of mammals, and then continued with human adults and children within the Pavlovian Institute of Highest Nervous Activity ( Pavlov, 1941, 1957). This tradition is the longest in (110 years old) among all traditions of temperamental research. The STQ is based on the Eastern-European tradition of experiments investigating the types and properties of nervous systems. Items in all versions of the STQ are given in the form of a statement, with a response following the Likert scale format: "strongly disagree (1)," "disagree (2)," "agree (3)," "strongly agree (4)".Įxperimental background of the STQ models Now there are Child versions of the Short and Compact STQ, for administration by observers and guardians of the child in question.
Initially, all versions of the STQ were validated on adult samples and were designed for the purposes of organizational, educational and clinical psychology. These characteristics are the most consistent aspects of the behaviour of an individual across his or her lifespan and are relatively independent of the content of the situation. The Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ) is a self-report (for adult versions) or observer-administered (for children) questionnaire measuring 12 biologically-based characteristics of behaviour.
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